MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE
2004 Regular Session
To: Judiciary B
By: Representative Fillingane, Wells-Smith, Akins, Aldridge, Barnett, Beckett, Carlton, Chism, Davis, Denny, Ellington, Formby, Gunn, Hudson, Janus, Lott, Martinson, Mayhall, Mims, Moore, Nicholson, Parker, Reed, Reeves, Rotenberry, Simpson, Staples, Turner, Zuber, Peranich
AN ACT ENTITLED THE "MISSISSIPPI HEALTH CARE RIGHTS OF CONSCIENCE ACT"; TO PROVIDE THAT A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER OR HEALTH CARE INSTITUTION OR HEALTH CARE PAYER SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED TO PARTICIPATE IN A HEALTH CARE SERVICE THAT VIOLATES HIS OR HER CONSCIENCE; TO PROVIDE IMMUNITY FOR SUCH ACTION; TO PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION FOR SUCH ACTION; TO CLARIFY THAT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT SHALL NOT ALLOW DISCRIMINATION BY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS; TO PROHIBIT DENIAL OF ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS DUE TO SUCH ACTION; TO PROVIDE CIVIL REMEDIES FOR VIOLATION OF THIS ACT; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI:
SECTION 1. Title.
This act may be known and cited as the "Mississippi Health Care Rights of Conscience Act."
SECTION 2. Definitions. As used in this act:
(a) "Health care service" means any phase of patient medical care, treatment or procedure, including, but not limited to, the following: patient referral, counseling, therapy, testing, diagnosis or prognosis, research, instruction, prescribing, dispensing or administering any device, drug, or medication, surgery, or any other care or treatment rendered by health care providers or health care institutions.
(b) "Health care provider" means any individual who may be asked to participate in any way in a health care service, including, but not limited to: a physician, physician's assistant, nurse, nurses' aide, medical assistant, hospital employee, clinic employee, nursing home employee, pharmacist, pharmacy employee, researcher, medical or nursing school faculty, student or employee, counselor, social worker or any professional, paraprofessional, or any other person who furnishes, or assists in the furnishing of, an abortion procedure.
(c) "Health care institution" means any public or private organization, corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship, association, agency, network, joint venture, or other entity that is involved in providing health care services, including, but not limited to: hospitals, clinics, medical centers, ambulatory surgical centers, private physician's offices, pharmacies, nursing homes, university medical schools and nursing schools, medical training facilities, or other institutions or locations where abortion procedures are provided to any person.
(d) "Health care payer" means any entity or employer that contracts for, pays for, or arranges for the payment of, in whole or in part, a health care service, including, but not limited to, health maintenance organizations, health plans, insurance companies or management services organizations.
(e) "Employer" means any individual or entity that pays for or provides health benefits or health insurance coverage as a benefit to its employees, whether through a third party, a health maintenance organization, a program of self-insurance, or some other means.
(f) "Participate" in a health care service means to counsel, advise, provide, perform, assist in, refer for, admit for purposes of providing, or participate in providing, any health care service or any form of such service.
(g) "Pay" or "payment" means pay, contract for, or otherwise arrange for the payment of, in whole or in part.
(h) "Conscience" means the religious, moral or ethical principles held by a health care provider, the health care institution or health care payer. For purposes of this act, a health care institution or health care payer's conscience shall be determined by reference to its existing or proposed religious, moral or ethical guidelines, mission statement, constitution, bylaws, articles of incorporation, regulations or other relevant documents.
SECTION 3. Rights of Conscience of Health Care Providers.
(1) Rights of Conscience. A health care provider has the right not to participate, and no health care provider shall be required to participate in a health care service that violates his or her conscience. However, this subsection does not allow a health care provider to refuse to participate in a health care service regarding a patient because of the patient's race, color, national origin, ethnicity, sex, religion, creed or sexual orientation.
(2) Immunity from Liability. No health care provider shall be civilly, criminally, or administratively liable for declining to participate in a health care service that violates his or her conscience. However, this subsection does not exempt a health care provider from liability for refusing to participate in a health care service regarding a patient because of the patient's race, color, national origin, ethnicity, sex, religion, creed or sexual orientation.
(3) Discrimination. It shall be unlawful for any person, health care provider, health care institution, public or private institution, public official, or any board which certifies competency in medical specialties to discriminate against any health care provider in any manner based on his or her declining to participate in a health care service that violates his or her conscience. For purposes of this act, discrimination includes, but is not limited to: termination, transfer, refusal of staff privileges, refusal of board certification, adverse administrative action, demotion, loss of career specialty, reassignment to a different shift, reduction of wages or benefits, refusal to award any grant, contract, or other program, refusal to provide residency training opportunities, or any other penalty, disciplinary or retaliatory action.
SECTION 4. Rights of Conscience of Health Care Institutions.
(1) Rights of Conscience. A health care institution has the right not to participate, and no health care institution shall be required to participate in a health care service that violates its conscience. However, this subsection does not allow a health care institution to refuse to participate in a health care service regarding a patient because of the patient's race, color, national origin, ethnicity, sex, religion, creed or sexual orientation.
(2) Immunity from Liability. A health care institution that declines to provide or participate in a health care service that violates its conscience shall not be civilly, criminally or administratively liable if the institution provides a consent form to be signed by a patient before admission to the institution stating that it reserves the right to decline to provide or participate in a health care service that violates its conscience. However, this subsection does not exempt a health care institution from liability for refusing to participate in a health care service regarding a patient because of the patient's race, color, national origin, ethnicity, sex, religion, creed or sexual orientation.
(3) Discrimination. It shall be unlawful for any person, public or private institution, or public official to discriminate against any health care institution, or any person, association, corporation, or other entity attempting to establish a new health care institution or operating an existing health care institution, in any manner, including, but not limited to, any denial, deprivation or disqualification with respect to licensure, any aid assistance, benefit or privilege, including staff privileges, or any authorization, including authorization to create, expand, improve, acquire, or affiliate or merge with any health care institution, because such health care institution, or person, association, or corporation planning, proposing, or operating a health care institution, declines to participate in a health care service which violates the health care institution's conscience.
(4) Denial of Aid or Benefit. It shall be unlawful for any public official, agency, institution, or entity to deny any form of aid, assistance, grants or benefits, or in any other manner to coerce, disqualify or discriminate against any person, association, corporation or other entity attempting to establish a new health care institution or operating an existing health care institution because the existing or proposed health care institution declines to participate in a health care service contrary to the health care institution's conscience.
SECTION 5. Rights of Conscience of Health Care Payers.
(1) Rights of Conscience. A health care payer has the right to decline to pay, and no health care payer shall be required to pay for or arrange for the payment of a health care service that violates its conscience. However, this subsection does not allow a health care payer to decline to pay or arrange for the payment of a health care service regarding a patient because of the patient's race, color, national origin, ethnicity, sex, religion, creed or sexual orientation.
(2) Immunity from Liability. No health care payer and no person, association, corporation or other entity that owns, operates, supervises or manages a health care payer shall be civilly or criminally liable by reason of the health care payer's declining to pay for or arrange for the payment of a health care service that violates its conscience. However, this subsection does not exempt from liability a health care payer, or the owner, operator, supervisor or manager of a health care payer, for declining to pay or arranging for the payment of a health care service regarding a patient because of the patient's race, color, national origin, ethnicity, sex, religion, creed or sexual orientation.
(3) Discrimination. It shall be unlawful for any person, public or private institution, or public official to discriminate against any health care payer, or any person, association, corporation, or other entity (a) attempting to establish a new health care payer, or (b) operating an existing health care payer, in any manner, including, but not limited to, any denial, deprivation, or disqualification with respect to licensure, aid, assistance, benefit, privilege or authorization, including, but not limited to, any authorization to create, expand, improve, acquire, affiliate or merge with any health care payer, because a health care payer, or a person, association, corporation or other entity planning, proposing or operating a health care payer declines to pay for or arrange for the payment of any health care service that violates its conscience.
(4) Denial of Aid or Benefits. It shall be unlawful for any public official, agency, institution or entity to deny any form of aid, assistance, grants, or benefits or in any other manner coerce, disqualify or discriminate against any health care payer, or any person, association, corporation or other entity attempting to establish a new health care payer or operating an existing health care payer because the existing or proposed health care payer declines to pay for, or arrange for the payment of, any health care service that is contrary to its conscience.
SECTION 6. Civil Remedies.
(1) A civil action for damages or injunctive relief, or both, may be brought for the violation of any provision of this act. It shall not be a defense to any claim arising out of the violation of this act that such violation was necessary to prevent additional burden or expense on any other health care provider, health care institution, individual or patient.
(2) Damage Remedies. Any individual, association, corporation, entity or health care institution injured by any public or private individual, association, agency, entity or corporation by reason of any conduct prohibited by this act may commence a civil action. Upon finding a violation of this act, the aggrieved party shall be entitled to recover threefold the actual damages, including pain and suffering, sustained by such individual, association, corporation, entity or health care institution, the costs of the action, and reasonable attorney's fees; but in no case shall recovery be less than Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000.00) for each violation in addition to costs of the action and reasonable attorney's fees. These damage remedies shall be cumulative, and not exclusive of other remedies afforded under any other state or federal law.
(3) Injunctive Remedies. The court in such civil action may award injunctive relief, including, but not limited to, ordering reinstatement of a health care provider to his or her prior job position.
SECTION 7. Severability.
The provisions of this act are declared to be severable, and if any provision, word, phrase or clause of this act or the application thereof to any person shall be held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this act.
SECTION 8. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 2004.