Senate Bill 2381

AN ACT TO ENACT THE "UNIFORM PUBLIC EXPRESSION ACT"; TO DEFINE TERMS; TO PROVIDE THAT THE ACT APPLIES TO ANY CIVIL CAUSE OF ACTION AGAINST A PERSON BASED ON THE PERSON'S COMMUNICATION IN CERTAIN GOVERNMENTAL PROCEEDINGS OR THE PERSON'S EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH, THE PRESS, THE RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE OR PETITION OR THE RIGHT OF ASSOCIATION GUARANTEED UNDER THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION OF THE MISSISSIPPI CONSTITUTION ON ANY MATTER OF PUBLIC CONCERN; TO DESCRIBE CERTAIN CAUSES OF ACTION TO WHICH THE ACT DOES NOT APPLY; TO PROVIDE FOR A SPECIAL MOTION FOR EXPEDITED RELIEF TO DISMISS A CAUSE OF ACTION OR PART OF A CAUSE OF ACTION; TO PROVIDE FOR A STAY ON ALL OTHER PROCEEDINGS IN A CAUSE OF ACTION ONCE A SPECIAL MOTION IS FILED; TO PROVIDE FOR CERTAIN LIMITED DISCOVERY WHERE A PARTY DEMONSTRATES THAT SPECIFIC INFORMATION IS NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH WHETHER OR NOT A PARTY HAS MET ITS BURDEN UNDER THE ACT; TO REQUIRE THE MOTION TO BE HEARD NOT LATER THAN A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME AFTER THE FILING OF THE MOTION; TO ESTABLISH STANDARDS OF PROOF FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF A MOTION UNDER THIS ACT; TO PROVIDE FOR THE DISMISSAL OF CERTAIN CAUSES OF ACTION; TO PROVIDE A TIMELINE FOR RULING ON THE MOTION FILED UNDER THIS ACT; TO AUTHORIZE THE MOVING PARTY UNDER THIS ACT TO APPEAL AS A MATTER OF RIGHT FROM AN ORDER DENYING, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, A MOTION UNDER THIS ACT; TO PROVIDE FOR THE AWARD OF COSTS; TO PROVIDE FOR THE BROAD CONSTRUAL OF THE ACT; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI:

SECTION 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Uniform Public Expression Act".

SECTION 2. (1) For purposes of this act, the following words shall have the meanings herein ascribed:

(a) "Goods or services" does not mean the creation, dissemination, exhibition, or advertisement or similar promotion of a dramatic, literary, musical, political, journalistic, or artistic work.

(b) "Governmental unit" means a public corporation or government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality.

(c) "Person" means an individual, estate, trust, partnership, business or nonprofit entity, governmental unit, or other legal entity.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c) of this subsection, this act applies to any cause of action asserted in a civil action against a person based on the person's:

(a) Communication in a legislative, executive, judicial, administrative, or other governmental proceeding;

(b) Communication on an issue under consideration or review in a legislative, executive, judicial, administrative, or other governmental proceeding; or

(c) Exercise of the right of freedom of speech or of the press, the right to assemble or petition, or the right of association, guaranteed by the United States Constitution or the Mississippi Constitution, on any matter of public concern.

(3) This act shall not apply to any cause of action asserted:

(a) Against a governmental unit or an employee or agent of a governmental unit acting or purporting to act in an official capacity;

(b) By a governmental unit or an employee or agent of a governmental unit acting in an official capacity to enforce a law to protect against an imminent threat to public health or safety; or

(c) Against a person primarily engaged in the business of selling or leasing goods or services if the cause of action arises out of a communication related to the person's sale or lease of the goods or services.

SECTION 3. Not later than sixty (60) days after a party is served with a complaint, petition, crossclaim, counterclaim, third-party claim, or other pleading that asserts a cause of action to which this act applies, or at a later time on a showing of good cause, the party may file a special motion for expedited relief to dismiss the cause of action or any or part of the cause of action.

SECTION 4. (1) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (4) through (7) of this section, on the filing of the special motion filed under the authority of Section 3 of this act:

(a) All other proceedings between the moving party and responding party, including discovery and a pending hearing or motion, are stayed; and

(b) On motion by the moving party, the court may stay a hearing or motion involving another party, or discovery by another party, if the hearing or ruling on the motion would adjudicate, or the discovery would relate to, an issue material to the motion under Section 3 of this act.

(2) A stay granted under subsection (1) of this section shall remain in effect until entry of an order ruling on the motion under Section 3 of this act, and expiration of the time under Section 9 of this act for the moving party to appeal the order.

(3) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (5), (6), and (7) of this section, if a party appeals from an order ruling on a motion under Section 3 of this act, all proceedings between all parties in the action are stayed. The stay shall remain in effect until the conclusion of the appeal.

(4) During a stay under subsection (1) of this section, the court may allow limited discovery if a party shows that specific information is necessary to establish whether a party has satisfied or failed to satisfy a burden under Section 7(1) of this act and the information is not reasonably available unless discovery is allowed.

(5) A motion filed under Section 10 of this act for costs, attorney's fees, and expenses is not subject to a stay under this section.

(6) A stay under this section shall not affect a party's ability voluntarily to dismiss a cause of action or part of a cause of action or move to sever a cause of action.

(7) During a stay under this section, the court for good cause may hear and rule on:

(a) A motion unrelated to the motion under Section 3 of this act; and

(b) A motion seeking a special or preliminary injunction to protect against an imminent threat to public health or safety.

SECTION 5. (1) The court shall hear a motion under Section 3 of this act not later than sixty (60) days after filing of the motion, unless the court orders a later hearing:

(a) To allow discovery under Section 4(4) of this act; or

(b) For other good cause.

(2) If the court orders a later hearing under subsection (1)(a) of this section, the court shall hear the motion under Section 3 of this act not later than sixty (60) days after the court order allowing the discovery, unless the court orders a later hearing under Section (1)(b).

SECTION 6. In ruling on a motion under Section 3 of this act, the court shall consider the pleadings, the motion, any reply or response to the motion, and any evidence that could be considered in ruling on a motion for summary judgment under Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 56.

SECTION 7. (1) In ruling on a motion filed under Section 3 of this act, the court shall dismiss with prejudice a cause of action, or part of a cause of action, if:

(a) The moving party establishes under Section 2(2) that this act applies;

(b) The responding party fails to establish under Section 2(3) that this act does not apply; and

(i) The responding party fails to establish a prima facie case as to each essential element of the cause of action; or

(ii) The moving party establishes that:

1. The responding party failed to state a [cause of action] upon which relief can be granted; or

2. There is no genuine issue as to any material fact, and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law on the cause of action or part of the cause of action.

(2) A voluntary dismissal without prejudice of a responding party's cause of action, or part of a cause of action, that is the subject of a motion under Section 3 of this act does not affect a moving party's right to obtain a ruling on the motion and seek costs, attorney's fees, and expenses under Section 10 of this act.

(3) A voluntary dismissal with prejudice of a responding party's cause of action, or part of a cause of action, that is the subject of a motion under Section 3 of this act establishes for the purpose of Section 10 of this act that the moving party prevailed on the motion.

SECTION 8. The court shall rule on a motion under Section 3 of this act not later than sixty (60) days after a hearing under Section 5 of this act.

SECTION 9. A moving party may appeal as a matter of right from an order denying, in whole or in part, a motion under Section 3 of this act. The appeal must be filed not later than twenty-one (21) days after entry of the order.

SECTION 10. On a motion under Section 3 of this act, the court shall award court costs, reasonable attorney's fees, and reasonable litigation expenses related to the motion:

(a) To the moving party if the moving party prevails on the motion; or

(b) To the responding party if the responding party prevails on the motion and the court finds that the motion was frivolous or filed solely with intent to delay the proceeding.

SECTION 11. This act must be broadly construed and applied to protect the exercise of the right of freedom of speech and of the press, the right to assemble and petition, and the right of association, guaranteed by the United States Constitution or the Mississippi Constitution.

SECTION 12. In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration must be given to the need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.

SECTION 13. This act applies to a civil action filed or cause of action asserted in a civil action on or after the effective date of this act.

SECTION 14. If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of this act which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this act are severable.

SECTION 15. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 2026.