MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE
2024 Regular Session
To: Judiciary, Division A
By: Senator(s) Hickman
AN ACT TO AMEND SECTION 93-5-24, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO CREATE A REBUTTABLE PRESUMPTION IN FAVOR OF JOINT CUSTODY WITH EQUAL PARENTING TIME IN ALL CUSTODY MATTERS; TO PROVIDE THAT THE PRESUMPTION SHALL BE REBUTTABLE BY A PREPONDERANCE OF THE EVIDENCE; TO REQUIRE A COURT TO DOCUMENT THE REASONS FROM DEVIATING FROM THE PRESUMPTION; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI:
SECTION 1. Section 93-5-24, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
93-5-24. (1) Custody shall be awarded as follows according to the best interests of the child:
(a) Physical and legal custody to both parents jointly pursuant to subsections (2) through (7).
(b) Physical custody to both parents jointly pursuant to subsections (2) through (7) and legal custody to either parent.
(c) Legal custody to both parents jointly pursuant to subsections (2) through (7) and physical custody to either parent.
(d) Physical and legal custody to either parent pursuant to subsections (2) though (7).
(e) Upon a finding by the court that both of the parents of the child have abandoned or deserted such child or that both such parents are mentally, morally or otherwise unfit to rear and train the child the court may award physical and legal custody to:
(i) The person in whose home the child has been living in a wholesome and stable environment; or
(ii) Physical and legal custody to any other person deemed by the court to be suitable and able to provide adequate and proper care and guidance for the child.
In making an order for custody to either parent or to both parents jointly, the court, in its discretion, may require the parents to submit to the court a plan for the implementation of the custody order.
(2) * * * (a) (i) There shall be a rebuttable
presumption that joint custody and equally shared parenting time is in the best
interest of the child. If the court does not grant joint custody and/or equally
shared parenting time, the court shall construct a parenting time schedule which
maximizes the time each parent has with the child and ensures the best interest
of the child is met.
(ii) The presumption created in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph shall be rebuttable by a preponderance of the evidence. A court that does not award joint custody with equally shared parenting time shall document the reasons for deviating from the presumption.
(b) Upon petition of both parents, the court may grant legal and/or physical custody to one (1) parent.
* * *
( * * *3) (a) For the purposes of this
section, "joint custody" means joint physical and legal custody.
(b) For the purposes of this section, "physical custody" means those periods of time in which a child resides with or is under the care and supervision of one (1) of the parents.
(c) For the purposes
of this section, "joint physical custody" means that each of the parents
shall have significant periods of physical custody. Joint physical custody
shall be shared by the parents in such a way so as to assure a child * * * equal, frequent and continuing contact
with both parents.
(d) For the purposes of this section, "legal custody" means the decision-making rights, the responsibilities and the authority relating to the health, education and welfare of a child.
(e) For the purposes of this section, "joint legal custody" means that the parents or parties share the decision-making rights, the responsibilities and the authority relating to the health, education and welfare of a child. An award of joint legal custody obligates the parties to equally share parenting time, to exchange information concerning the health, education and welfare of the minor child, and to confer with one another in the exercise of decision-making rights, responsibilities and authority.
An award of joint physical and legal custody obligates the parties to exchange information concerning the health, education and welfare of the minor child, and unless allocated, apportioned or decreed, the parents or parties shall confer with one another in the exercise of decision-making rights, responsibilities and authority.
( * * *4) Any order for joint custody may be
modified or terminated upon the petition of both parents or upon the petition
of one (1) parent showing that a material change in circumstances has occurred.
( * * *5) There shall be no presumption that
it is in the best interest of a child that a mother be awarded either legal or
physical custody.
( * * *6) Notwithstanding any other provision
of law, access to records and information pertaining to a minor child,
including, but not limited to, medical, dental and school records, shall not be
denied to a parent because the parent is not the child's custodial parent.
( * * *7) (a) (i) In every proceeding where
the custody of a child is in dispute, there shall be a rebuttable presumption
that it is detrimental to the child and not in the best interest of the child
to be placed in sole custody, joint legal custody or joint physical custody of
a parent who has a history of perpetrating family violence. The court may find
a history of perpetrating family violence if the court finds, by a preponderance
of the evidence, one (1) incident of family violence that has resulted in
serious bodily injury to, or a pattern of family violence against, the party
making the allegation or a family household member of either party. The court
shall make written findings to document how and why the presumption was or was
not triggered.
(ii) This presumption may only be rebutted by a preponderance of the evidence.
(iii) In
determining whether the presumption set forth in this subsection * * * has been overcome, the court shall consider
all of the following factors:
1. Whether the perpetrator of family violence has demonstrated that giving sole or joint physical or legal custody of a child to the perpetrator is in the best interest of the child because of the other parent's absence, mental illness, substance abuse or such other circumstances which affect the best interest of the child or children;
2. Whether the perpetrator has successfully completed a batterer's treatment program;
3. Whether the perpetrator has successfully completed a program of alcohol or drug abuse counseling if the court determines that counseling is appropriate;
4. Whether the perpetrator has successfully completed a parenting class if the court determines the class to be appropriate;
5. If the perpetrator is on probation or parole, whether he or she is restrained by a protective order granted after a hearing, and whether he or she has complied with its terms and conditions; and
6. Whether the perpetrator of domestic violence has committed any further acts of domestic violence.
(iv) The court shall make written findings to document how and why the presumption was or was not rebutted.
(b) (i) If custody is awarded to a suitable third person, it shall not be until the natural grandparents of the child have been excluded and such person shall not allow access to a violent parent except as ordered by the court.
(ii) If the court finds that both parents have a history of perpetrating family violence, but the court finds that parental custody would be in the best interest of the child, custody may be awarded solely to the parent less likely to continue to perpetrate family violence. In such a case, the court may mandate completion of a treatment program by the custodial parent.
(c) If the court finds that the allegations of domestic violence are completely unfounded, the chancery court shall order the alleging party to pay all court costs and reasonable attorney's fees incurred by the defending party in responding to such allegations.
(d) (i) A court may award visitation by a parent who committed domestic or family violence only if the court finds that adequate provision for the safety of the child and the parent who is a victim of domestic or family violence can be made.
(ii) In a visitation order, a court may take any of the following actions:
1. Order an exchange of the child to occur in a protected setting;
2. Order visitation supervised in a manner to be determined by the court;
3. Order the perpetrator of domestic or family violence to attend and complete to the satisfaction of the court a program of intervention for perpetrators or other designated counseling as a condition of visitation;
4. Order the perpetrator of domestic or family violence to abstain from possession or consumption of alcohol or controlled substances during the visitation and for twenty-four (24) hours preceding the visitation;
5. Order the perpetrator of domestic or family violence to pay a fee to defray the cost of supervised visitation;
6. Prohibit overnight visitation;
7. Require a bond from the perpetrator of domestic or family violence for the return and safety of the child; or
8. Impose any other condition that is deemed necessary to provide for the safety of the child, the victim of family or domestic violence, or other family or household member.
(iii) Whether or not visitation is allowed, the court may order the address of the child or the victim of family or domestic violence to be kept confidential.
(e) The court may refer but shall not order an adult who is a victim of family or domestic violence to attend counseling relating to the victim's status or behavior as a victim, individually or with the perpetrator of domestic or family violence, as a condition of receiving custody of a child or as a condition of visitation.
(f) If a court allows a family or household member to supervise visitation, the court shall establish conditions to be followed during visitation.
SECTION 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 2024.