MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE
2019 Regular Session
To: Insurance; Judiciary A
By: Representative Sykes
AN ACT TO AMEND SECTION 71-3-5, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO REVISE THE MISSISSIPPI WORKERS' COMPENSATION LAW TO ELIMINATE CERTAIN EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LAW; TO REMOVE THE FIVE WORKMEN RULE; TO AMEND SECTION 71-3-11, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO PROVIDE THAT THERE SHALL BE NO WAITING PERIOD TO RECEIVE MEDICAL BENEFITS UNDER THE WORKERS' COMPENSATION LAW; TO AMEND SECTION 71-3-17, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO REVISE THE LAWS ON PERMANENT TOTAL DISABILITY AND PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABILITY; TO AMEND SECTIONS 71-3-47 AND 71-3-51, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO PROVIDE TWO YEARS TO APPEAL CERTAIN DECISIONS OF THE WORKERS' COMPENSATION COMMISSION; TO AMEND SECTION 71-3-83, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO REQUIRE THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI TO PROVIDE COMPENSATION TO AN INJURED EMPLOYEE IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES WHEN THE EMPLOYER ILLEGALLY FAILS TO HAVE WORKERS' COMPENSATION INSURANCE; TO BRING FORWARD SECTION 71-3-15, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, FOR PURPOSES OF POSSIBLE AMENDMENT; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI:
SECTION 1. Section 71-3-5, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
71-3-5. The following shall constitute employers subject to the provisions of this chapter:
Every person, firm and
private corporation, including any public service corporation * * *, that
have in service * * * one or more workmen or operatives regularly in the same business
or in or about the same establishment under any contract of hire, express or
implied.
Any state agency, state institution, state department, or subdivision thereof, including counties, municipalities and school districts, or the singular thereof, not heretofore included under the Workers' Compensation Law, may elect, by proper action of its officers or department head, to come within its provisions and, in such case, shall notify the commission of such action by filing notice of compensation insurance with the commission. Payment for compensation insurance policies so taken may be made from any appropriation or funds available to such agency, department or subdivision thereof, or from the general fund of any county or municipality.
From and after July 1, 1990, all offices, departments, agencies, bureaus, commissions, boards, institutions, hospitals, colleges, universities, airport authorities or other instrumentalities of the "state" as such term is defined in Section 11-46-1, Mississippi Code of 1972, shall come under the provisions of the Workers' Compensation Law. Payment for compensation insurance policies so taken may be made from any appropriation or funds available to such office, department, agency, bureau, commission, board, institution, hospital, college, university, airport authority or other instrumentality of the state.
From and after October 1, 1990, counties and municipalities shall come under the provisions of the Workers' Compensation Law. Payment for compensation insurance policies so taken may be made from any funds available to such counties and municipalities.
From and after October 1, 1993, all "political subdivisions," as such term is defined in Section 11-46-1, Mississippi Code of 1972, except counties and municipalities shall come under the provisions of the Workers' Compensation Law. Payment for compensation insurance policies so taken may be made from any funds available to such political subdivisions.
From and after July 1, 1988, the "state" as such term is defined in Section 11-46-1, Mississippi Code of 1972, may elect to become a self-insurer under the provisions elsewhere set out by law, by notifying the commission of its intent to become a self-insurer. The cost of being such a self-insurer, as provided otherwise by law, may be paid from funds available to the offices, departments, agencies, bureaus, commissions, boards, institutions, hospitals, colleges, universities, airport authorities or other instrumentalities of the state.
The Mississippi Transportation Commission, the Department of Public Safety and the Mississippi Industries for the Blind may elect to become self-insurers under the provisions elsewhere set out by law by notifying the commission of their intention of becoming such a self-insurer. The cost of being such a self-insurer, as provided elsewhere by law, may be paid from funds available to the Mississippi Transportation Commission, the Department of Public Safety or the Mississippi Industries for the Blind.
The Mississippi State Senate and the Mississippi House of Representatives may elect to become self-insurers under provisions elsewhere set out by law by notifying the commission of their intention of becoming such self-insurers. The cost of being such self-insurers, as provided elsewhere by law, may be paid from funds available to the Mississippi State Senate and the Mississippi House of Representatives. The Mississippi State Senate and the Mississippi House of Representatives are authorized and empowered to provide workers' compensation benefits for employees after January 1, 1970.
Any municipality of the State of Mississippi having forty thousand (40,000) population or more desiring to do so may elect to become a self-insurer under provisions elsewhere set out by law by notifying the commission of its intention of becoming such an insurer. The cost of being such a self-insurer, as provided elsewhere by law, may be provided from any funds available to such municipality.
The commission may, under such rules and regulations as it prescribes, permit two (2) or more "political subdivisions," as such term is defined in Section 11-46-1, Mississippi Code of 1972, to pool their liabilities to participate in a group workers' compensation self-insurance program. The governing authorities of any political subdivision may authorize the organization and operation of, or the participation in such a group self-insurance program with other political subdivisions, provided such program is approved by the commission. The cost of participating in a group self-insurance program may be provided from any funds available to a political subdivision.
* * * Nothing in this section shall be
construed to exempt an employer who would otherwise be covered under this
section from providing workers' compensation coverage on those employees for
whom he is liable for unemployment tax.
Employers exempted by this section may assume, with respect to any employee or classification of employees, the liability for compensation imposed upon employers by this chapter with respect to employees within the coverage of this chapter. The purchase and acceptance by such employer of valid workers' compensation insurance applicable to such employee or classification of employees shall constitute, as to such employer, an assumption by him of such liability under this chapter without any further act on his part notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, but only with respect to such employee or such classification of employees as are within the coverage of the state fund. Such assumption of liability shall take effect and continue from the effective date of such workers' compensation insurance and as long only as such coverage shall remain in force, in which case the employer shall be subject with respect to such employee or classification of employees to no other liability than the compensation as provided for in this chapter.
An owner/operator, and his drivers, must provide a certificate of insurance of workers' compensation coverage to the motor carrier or proof of coverage under a self-insured plan or an occupational accident policy. Any such occupational accident policy shall provide a minimum of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00) of coverage. Should the owner/operator fail to provide written proof of coverage to the motor carrier, then the owner/operator, and his drivers, shall be covered under the motor carrier's workers' compensation insurance program and the motor carrier is authorized to collect payment of the premium from the owner/operator. In the event that coverage is obtained by the owner/operator under a workers' compensation policy or through a self-insured or occupational accident policy, then the owner/operator, and his drivers, shall not be entitled to benefits under the motor carrier's workers' compensation insurance program unless the owner/operator has elected in writing to be covered under the carrier's workers' compensation program or policy or if the owner/operator is covered by the carrier's plan because he failed to obtain coverage. Coverage under the motor carrier's workers' compensation insurance program does not terminate the independent contractor status of the owner/operator under the written contract or lease agreement. Nothing shall prohibit or prevent an owner/operator from having or securing an occupational accident policy in addition to any workers' compensation coverage authorized by this section. Other than the amendments to this section by Chapter 523, Laws of 2006, the provisions of this section shall not be construed to have any effect on any other provision of law, judicial decision or any applicable common law.
This chapter shall not apply to transportation and maritime employments for which a rule of liability is provided by the laws of the United States.
This chapter shall not be applicable to a mere direct buyer-seller or vendor-vendee relationship where there is no employer-employee relationship as defined by Section 7l-3-3, and any insurance carrier is hereby prohibited from charging a premium for any person who is a seller or vendor rather than an employee.
Any employer may elect, by
proper and written action of its own governing authority, to be exempt from the
provisions of the Workers' Compensation Law as to its sole proprietor, its partner
in a partnership or to its employee who is the owner of fifteen percent (15%)
or more of its stock in a corporation, if such sole proprietor, partner or
employee also voluntarily agrees thereto in writing. Any sole proprietor,
partner or employee owning fifteen percent (15%) or more of the stock of
his/her corporate employer who becomes exempt from coverage under the Workers'
Compensation Law shall be excluded from the total number of workers or
operatives toward reaching the mandatory coverage threshold level of * * *
one (1).
SECTION 2. Section 71-3-11, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
71-3-11. No compensation except medical benefits shall be allowed for the first five (5) days of the disability, and there shall be no waiting period for receiving medical benefits. In case the injury results in disability of fourteen (14) days or more, the compensation shall be allowed from the date of disability.
SECTION 3. Section 71-3-17, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
71-3-17. Compensation for disability shall be paid to the employee as follows:
(a) Permanent total
disability: In case of total disability adjudged to be permanent, * * * the
compensation shall be paid in increments of the average salary of the employee,
with increases over time to adjust for cost of living and potential earnings
within the company for the remainder of the person's life. The commission
shall develop the calculus for determining the increases in payment.
(b) Temporary total disability: In case of disability, total in character but temporary in quality, sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the average weekly wages of the injured employee, subject to the maximum limitations as to weekly benefits as set up in this chapter, shall be paid to the employee during the continuance of such disability not to exceed four hundred fifty (450) weeks or an amount greater than the multiple of four hundred fifty (450) weeks times sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the average weekly wage for the state. Provided, however, if there arises a conflict in medical opinions of whether or not the claimant has reached maximum medical recovery and the claimant's benefits have been terminated by the carrier, then the claimant may demand an immediate hearing before the commissioner upon five (5) days' notice to the carrier for a determination by the commission of whether or not in fact the claimant has reached maximum recovery.
(c) Permanent partial
disability: In case of disability partial in character but permanent in
quality, the compensation shall be sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%)
of the average weekly wages of the injured employee, subject to the maximum
limitations as to weekly benefits as set up in this chapter, which shall be
paid following compensation for temporary total disability paid in accordance
with paragraph (b) of this section, and shall be paid to the employee * * *
based on a
holistic evaluation of the severity of the disability and lack of accessibility
to basic services due to geographic location, as determined by the commission.
(d) Alternate forms of documentation shall be made available by the commission to determine average weekly wages, to account for tips and other similar earnings.
(e) Where payment is limited to sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the average weekly wages of the injured employee, that employee, if able, may work alternate jobs requiring different physical skills up until achieving a combined one hundred percent (100%) of his average weekly wage.
SECTION 4. Section 71-3-47, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
71-3-47. Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, the details of practice and procedure in the settlement and adjudication of claims shall be determined by rules of the commission, the text of which shall be published and be readily available to interested parties.
The commission shall have full power and authority to determine all questions relating to the payment of claims for compensation. The commission shall make or cause to be made such investigation as it deems necessary and, upon application of either party or upon its own initiative, shall order a hearing, shall make or deny an award, and shall file the same in its office.
Informal conferences and
hearings in contested cases may be conducted by a duly designated
representative of the commission. Upon the conclusion of any such hearing, the
commission's representative shall make or deny an award, and file the decision
in the office of the commission. Immediately after such filing, a notice of
decision shall be sent to all interested parties. This decision shall be final
unless within * * * two (2) years a request or petition for review by
the full commission is filed.
SECTION 5. Section 71-3-51, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
71-3-51. The final award of
the commission shall be conclusive and binding unless either party to the
controversy shall, within * * * two (2) years from the
date of its filing in the office of the commission and notification to the
parties, appeal therefrom to the Supreme Court.
Such appeal may be taken by filing notice of appeal with the commission, whereupon the commission shall under its certificate transmit to the Supreme Court all documents and papers on file in the matter, together with a transcript of the evidence, the findings, and award, which shall thereupon become the record of the cause. Appeals shall be considered only upon the record as made before the commission. The Supreme Court shall always be deemed open for hearing of such appeals. The Supreme Court shall review all questions of law and of fact. If no prejudicial error be found, the matter shall be affirmed and remanded to the commission for enforcement. If prejudicial error be found, the same shall be reversed and the Supreme Court shall enter such judgment or award as the commission should have entered. An appeal from the commission to the Supreme Court shall not act as a supersedeas unless the court shall so direct, and then upon such terms as such court shall direct.
No controversy shall be heard by the commission or an award of compensation made therein while the same matter is pending either before a federal court or in any court in this state.
Any award of compensation made by the Supreme Court shall bear the same interest and penalties as do other judgments awarded in circuit court.
SECTION 6. Section 71-3-83, Mississippi Code of 1972, is amended as follows:
71-3-83. (1) Any employer required to secure the payment of compensation under this chapter who fails to secure such compensation is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or by both such fine and imprisonment. If the employer is a corporation, the president, secretary and treasurer thereof shall be also severally liable to such fine or imprisonment as herein provided for the failure of such corporation to secure the payment of compensation; and such president, secretary and treasurer shall be severally personally liable, jointly with such corporation, for any compensation or other benefit which may accrue under this chapter in respect to any injury which may occur to any employee of such corporation while it shall so fail to secure the payment of compensation as required by this chapter. If the payment of compensation is not paid by the president, secretary, treasurer or corporation in a timely manner, the State of Mississippi shall provide compensation to the injured employee and seek subrogation against such.
(2) Any uninsured employer who knowingly transfers, sells, encumbers, assigns, or in any manner disposes of, conceals, secretes or destroys any property belonging to such employer after one of his employees has been injured within the purview of this chapter, and with intent to avoid the payment of compensation under this chapter to such employee or his dependents, is guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00), or by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or by both such fine and imprisonment. If the employer is a corporation, the president, secretary and treasurer thereof shall be also severally liable to such penalty of imprisonment as well as jointly liable with such corporation for such fine.
(3) This section shall not affect any other liability of the employer under this chapter.
(4) In addition to the criminal penalties set forth above, and under the same circumstances, terms and conditions as set forth in subsections (1) and (2), the commission may assess a civil penalty in an amount to be determined by the commission on a case by case basis, but not to exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10,000.00). Any civil penalty levied and collected by the commission shall be deposited into the Administrative Expense Fund provided for in Section 71-3-97, and any penalty not voluntarily paid may be collected by civil suit brought by the commission.
SECTION 7. Section 71-3-15, Mississippi Code of 1972, is brought forward as follows:
71-3-15. (1) The employer shall furnish such medical, surgical, and other attendance or treatment, nurse and hospital service, medicine, crutches, artificial members, and other apparatus for such period as the nature of the injury or the process of recovery may require. The injured employee shall have the right to accept the services furnished by the employer or, in his discretion, to select one (1) competent physician of his choosing and such other specialists to whom he is referred by his chosen physician to administer medical treatment. Referrals by the chosen physician shall be limited to one (1) physician within a specialty or subspecialty area. Except in an emergency requiring immediate medical attention, any additional selection of physicians by the injured employee or further referrals must be approved by the employer, if self-insured, or the carrier prior to obtaining the services of the physician at the expense of the employer or carrier. If denied, the injured employee may apply to the commission for approval of the additional selection or referral, and if the commission determines that such request is reasonable, the employee may be authorized to obtain such treatment at the expense of the employer or carrier. Approval by the employer or carrier does not require approval by the commission. A physician to whom the employee is referred by his employer shall not constitute the employee's selection, unless the employee, in writing, accepts the employer's referral as his own selection. However, if the employee is treated for his alleged work-related injury or occupational disease by a physician for six (6) months or longer, or if the employee has surgery for the alleged work-related injury or occupational disease performed by a physician, then that physician shall be deemed the employee's selection. Should the employer desire, he may have the employee examined by a physician other than of the employee's choosing for the purpose of evaluating temporary or permanent disability or medical treatment being rendered under such reasonable terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the commission. If at any time during such period the employee unreasonably refuses to submit to medical or surgical treatment, the commission shall, by order, suspend the payment of further compensation during such time as such refusal continues, and no compensation shall be paid at any time during the period of such suspension; provided, that no claim for medical or surgical treatment shall be valid and enforceable, as against such employer, unless within twenty (20) days following the first treatment the physician or provider giving such treatment shall furnish to the employer, if self-insured, or its carrier, a preliminary report of such injury and treatment, on a form or in a format approved by the commission. Subsequent reports of such injury and treatment must be submitted at least every thirty (30) days thereafter until such time as a final report shall have been made. Reports which are required to be filed hereunder shall be furnished by the medical provider to the employer or carrier, and it shall be the responsibility of the employer or carrier receiving such reports to promptly furnish copies to the commission. The commission may, in its discretion, excuse the failure to furnish such reports within the time prescribed herein if it finds good cause to do so, and may, upon request of any party in interest, order or direct the employer or carrier to pay the reasonable value of medical services rendered to the employee.
(2) Whenever in the opinion of the commission a physician has not correctly estimated the degree of permanent disability or the extent of the temporary disability of an injured employee, the commission shall have the power to cause such employee to be examined by a physician selected by the commission, and to obtain from such physician a report containing his estimate of such disabilities. The commission shall have the power in its discretion to charge the cost of such examination to the employer, if he is a self-insurer, or to the insurance company which is carrying the risk.
(3) In carrying out this section, the commission shall establish an appropriate medical provider fee schedule, medical cost containment system and utilization review which incorporates one or more medical review panels to determine the reasonableness of charges and the necessity for the services, and limitations on fees to be charged by medical providers for testimony and copying or completion of records and reports and other provisions which, at the discretion of the commission, are necessary to encompass a complete medical cost containment program. The commission may contract with a private organization or organizations to establish and implement such a medical cost containment system and fee schedule with the cost for administering such a system to be paid out of the administrative expense fund as provided in this chapter. All fees and other charges for such treatment or service shall be limited to such charges as prevail in the same community for similar treatment and shall be subject to regulation by the commission. No medical bill shall be paid to any doctor until all forms and reports required by the commission have been filed. Any employee receiving treatment or service under the provisions of this chapter may not be held responsible for any charge for such treatment or service, and no doctor, hospital or other recognized medical provider shall attempt to bill, charge or otherwise collect from the employee any amount greater than or in excess of the amount paid by the employer, if self-insured, or its workers' compensation carrier. Any dispute over the amount charged for service rendered under the provisions of this chapter, or over the amount of reimbursement for services rendered under the provisions of this chapter, shall be limited to and resolved between the provider and the employer or carrier in accordance with the fee dispute resolution procedures adopted by the commission.
(4) The liability of an employer for medical treatment as herein provided shall not be affected by the fact that his employee was injured through the fault or negligence of a third party, not in the same employ, provided the injured employee was engaged in the scope of his employment when injured. The employer shall, however, have a cause of action against such third party to recover any amounts paid by him for such medical treatment.
(5) An injured worker who believes that his best interest has been prejudiced by the findings of the physician designated by the employer or carrier shall have the privilege of a medical examination by a physician of his own choosing, at the expense of the carrier or employer. Such examination may be had at any time after injury and prior to the closing of the case, provided that the charge shall not exceed One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) and shall be paid by the carrier or employer where the previous medical findings are upset, but paid by the employee if previous medical findings are confirmed.
(6) Medical and surgical treatment as provided in this section shall not be deemed to be privileged insofar as carrying out the provisions of this chapter is concerned. All findings pertaining to a second opinion medical examination, at the instance of the employer shall be reported as herein required within fourteen (14) days of the examination, except that copies thereof shall also be furnished by the employer or carrier to the employee. All findings pertaining to an independent medical examination by order of the commission shall be reported as provided in the order for such examination.
(7) Any medical benefits paid by reason of any accident or health insurance policy or plan paid for by the employer, which were for expenses of medical treatment under this section, are, upon notice to the carrier prior to payment by it, subject to subrogation in favor of the accident or health insurance company to the extent of its payment for medical treatment under this section. Reimbursement to the accident or health insurance company by the carrier or employer, to the extent of such reimbursement, shall constitute payment by the employer or carrier of medical expenses under this section. Under no circumstances, shall any subrogation be had by any insurance company against any compensation benefits paid under this chapter.
SECTION 8. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after July 1, 2019.